Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines freak as one that is markedly unusual or abnormal, such as a person or animal having a physical oddity and appearing in a circus sideshow. This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common type of cerebral palsy in which the movements of people with the disorder appear stiff and jerky. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. Avoid saying a person suffers from or is afflicted with the disease. Use the term dwarf only when applied to a medical diagnosis or in a quote. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Referring to someone as a paraplegic is offensive to some people as it implies that their condition defines them. NCDJ Recommendation: Hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. AP style: Disabled is described as a general term for a physical, mental, developmental or intellectual disability. More. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask people how they would like to be described. Many people with chronic illnesses do not consider themselves disabled and thus may be offended by the term. NCDJ Recommendation: Treatment is an acceptable term for medical interventions, and treatment center is acceptable for the establishment in which such practices take place. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. Personally, I'm not offended by this term at all. Medically assisted suicide is permitted in some states and countries. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but to instead refer to autism or autism spectrum disorder. Deaf and hard of hearing became the official terms recommended by the World Federation of the Deaf in 1991. Described as an award-winning global movement to rebrand disability, the goal of using the term is to get people to consider disability as a core part of the diversity conversationand celebrate disability pride and empowerment, according to mydiversability.com. Alternatively, it is acceptable to say that a person has had a disability since birth or was born with a disability. State the specific disability if possible. But note that there is no universal agreement on the use of these terms not even close. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. For others who have a loss of vision, the American Foundation for the Blind uses the term low vision, which it describes as uncorrectable vision loss that interferes with daily activities. The foundation says that other terms commonly used to describe vision loss partial sight, partial blindness and poor vision are no longer in general use. Background: Infantile paralysis is shorthand for poliomyelitis and was commonly used in the past to describe polio. It also causes pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, all of which interfere with speech. Some people prefer person with diabetes rather than a diabetic.. AP style: Not addressed except to recommend using hard of hearing without hyphens unless it is an adjective directly preceding a person. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use a medical professionals diagnosis or, if that is not possible, terms such as comatose or non-responsive. Avoid referring to someone as a vegetable or veg as such words dehumanize the person. But what is relevant is not always clear. Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. WebFeeling Tired or Stressed. Webwhy is hearing impaired a slur. For example, millions of Americans are hard of hearing but most do not use sign language and many do not use hearing aids. The term functional needs is preferred when a term is required. However, this term is not widely used. Others, including the authors of Great Minds and How to Grow Them, question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Background: Facilitated communication is a widely criticized communication technique that was popular in the 1990s. Your liver can only break down a little alcohol at a time, Background: Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the emergence of two or more distinct personality states or identities in a persons behavior or consciousness, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. It is more accurate to cite the specific disability or disabilities in question. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. Prior to 2013, subtypes of autism, such as Aspergers syndrome, autism disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder, were classified as distinct disorders. Psychoanalyst: A specific type of psychotherapist trained to work with both an individuals unconscious and unconscious mind. Background:American Sign Language is a complete language that utilizes signs made by moving the hands combined with facial expressions and postures of the body, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Many people in the Deaf community prefer the use of a lowercase d to refer to audiological status and the use of a capital D when referring to the culture and community of Deaf people. Background: Some use the term survivor to affirm their recovery from or conquest of an adverse health condition. Neurological Disorders. This may be due to improper development, damage or disease to any part of the hearing mechanism. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. Migraine. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. ear infection. Aging and exposure to loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells in the Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. Avoid referring to the disabled in the same way that you would avoid referring to the Asians, the Jews or the African Americans. When describing individuals, do not reference disabilities unless it is clearly pertinent to the story. Background: Psychological triggers are words, images or sounds that activate phobias, panic attacks or flashbacks to unpleasant events or trauma. If thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. Avoid confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair-bound as these terms describe a person only in relationship to a piece of equipment. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. This condition happens when children slur their words Epilepsy is most commonly treated with medication but treatment also can include use of medical devices, surgery, diet and emerging therapy methods. Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speaking too loudly. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. Social habits, practices, regulations, laws, and institutions that operate under the assumption that disabled people are inherently less capable overall, less valuable in society, and/or should have less personal autonomy than is ordinarily granted to people of the same age.. When possible, ask sources how they would like to be described. They give audiences a choice on whether or not to proceed with consuming the information. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. If Full Deaf, call them Deaf. AP style: The style book suggests naming the specific condition when possible rather than making a general reference. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. Instead, refer to the persons specific condition or use person with a disability. The terms are still widely used and generally acceptable when citing laws, regulations, places or things, such as handicapped parking, although many prefer the term accessible parking. Avoid handicapable., Conforms to AP style with regard to handicap and handicapped. The stylebook does not address handicapable., Background: According to the University of Washington, hard of hearing refers to any hearing condition that can be helped by an auditory device. However, AP advises against the latter formulation. For us, this really emphasizes the fact that no two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book refers to mental health professional in an entry on mental illness. NCDJ Recommendation: The word stuttering is preferred over stammering. While people-first language is generally preferred (a person who stutters), some individuals may prefer stutterer. When possible, ask. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. Instead, always try to specify the type of disability being referenced. Writing about disability is complicated and requires sensitivity a must for any form of journalism that involves people. In most cases, this entails placing the reference to the disability after the reference to a person, as in a person with a disability, or a person living with a disability, rather than the disabled person.. Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. For example: He has muscular dystrophy, and avoiding characterizing those conditions as afflictions. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid describing people as gifted or twice exceptional unless they have been identified as such by a professional. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid these terms as they often are used inaccurately and can be offensive. AP style: The stylebook recommends using partial hearing loss or partially deaf for those who have some hearing loss. Background: Stuttering is a a neurobiological condition that is characterized by interruptions in speech. Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological and developmental disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, according to the Epilepsy Foundation. People with these conditions often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive by some. Other terms commonly used to refer to people with Down syndrome include intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled and a person who has a cognitive disability or intellectual disability. The Global Down Syndrome Foundation considers all of these terms acceptable, while the National Down Syndrome Society suggests using cognitive disability or intellectual disability. Down syndrome also can be referred to as Trisomy 21. Such tics are recurrent, involuntary and non-rhythmic. According to Merriam Webster, homebound means confined to the home. The Office of Veterans Affairs uses the term housebound to describe those who spend most of their time in their home because of a permanent disability or when someone is permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. However, the terms are sometimes applied incorrectly to people with disabilities who require some mobility assistance but who are relatively independent. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. According to the National Institute on Aging, other dementias include Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders and vascular dementia. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. Psychiatrist: A mental health professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. Epilepsy manifests differently in individuals: The severity of epileptic seizures, their occurrence rates and the emergence of other health problems differ from person to person. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a cochlear implant, avoid describing it as a corrective device or one that would restore a deaf person to mainstream society. However, advocates support the device for suitable candidates. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to someone with a disability as sick or to their disability as a sickness. If a person is receiving medical treatment, then the word patient is appropriate; however, it should be avoided outside of a medical context. Background: Dumb was once widely used to describe a person who could not speak and implied the person was incapable of expressing himself or herself; it eventually came to be synonymous with silent.. Dysarthria can often lead to a complete loss of speech known as anarthria. See Autism In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. However, it is such a general term that it fails to accurately describe a persons condition and is now widely viewed as offensive in that it implies that a person lacks abilities. Background: Members of the disability community argue that characterizing people with a disability as sick or referring to them as patients signals there is something unwell about them or that they are in need of medical attention, when, in fact, that is often not the case. The terms senility and senile denote conditions brought on by aging and often are used incorrectly to denote dementia. Ask your sources how they want to be described. Some prefer being called dyslexic, others prefer people-first language, as in a person with dyslexia.. For example, emotional intelligence also is important when considering a persons overall intelligence, according to the American Psychological Association. It is the most common neural tube defect in the U.S. Always refer to someone with a mental illness as a person first. Background: According to the National Association for Gifted Children, giftedness is characterized by the capacity to perform above the level of ones peers. In common usage, psychotic often is used in the same way as the word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate. The terms mental illness and mental disorder are not interchangeable. Background: A defect is defined as an imperfection or shortcoming. See entries on Depression and Mental illness/mental disorder. There is debate about when someone with a chronic illness is considered to have a disability. NCDJ recommendation: Do not apply the term invisible disability to people without asking what they prefer. Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness characterized by distorted recognition and interpretations of reality, affecting how an individual thinks, feels and acts, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.Common symptoms include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional and disordered thinking, unresponsiveness, and a lack of pleasure in daily life and other social issues. NCDJ Recommendation: Consider using speech disability instead of impediment, disorder or impairment.. It is widely viewed as legitimate and important. The terms also are misleading, as wheelchairs can liberate people, allowing them to move about, and they are inaccurate, as people who use wheelchairs are not permanently confined to them but are transferred to sleep, sit in chairs, drive cars, etc. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), Background: Treatment is defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine as the use of any planned, intentional intervention in the health, behavior, personal and/or family life of an individual with alcoholism or another drug dependency designed to achieve and maintain sobriety, physical and mental health and maximum functional ability. Many people in the Deaf community and organizations, including the National Association of the Deaf, support the use of these terms. Deaf and hard of hearing are the terms recommended by the World Federation of the Deaf and The National Association of the Deaf. The word condition is often a good substitute that avoids judgement. It can be used with babies and older children. Gradual blood vessel damage: High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause damage over time. Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. Earwax impaction is another culprit. In addition, there is a difference between impairment and disability, according to the Institute of Human Services. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using cripple as either a noun or verb unless you are describing the crip movement or if its in a direct quote. This condition also has been called long haul and people with it, long haulers.. Background: People who use mobility equipment such as a wheelchair, scooter or cane consider the equipment part of their personal space, according to the United Spinal Association. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. Conforms to AP style: The stylebook cautions against describing an individual as mentally ill unless clearly pertinent to a story and the diagnosis is properly sourced. The type and amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. Background: Lame is a word commonly used to describe difficulty walking as the result of an injury to the leg. People may refer to themselves as limb different or as being part of a limb different community or as having an upper or lower body limb difference. Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. Less than one percent of the general population has schizophrenia, and it is treated mostly through the use of pharmaceutical drugs. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using hearing impaired or hearing impairment. For those with total hearing loss or who identity as a member of the Deaf community, deaf is acceptable. And so we are no longer offering advice regarding a default. There is some ambiguity about the difference between stuttering and stammering and which term is appropriate in different contexts. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Able-bodied is an appropriate term to use in some cases, such as when referring to government reports on the proportion of able-bodied members in the workforce. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use these words, particularly when reporting on mental illness, unless they are part of a quote that is essential to the story. Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. The Center states that addiction differs from dependence. WebIt feels like hearing impaired is the PC term that people use because they're uncomfortable saying "Deaf" and that they don't know how to talk to you or are focusing on your deafness, like they need to pick the right word or you're going to NCDJ Recommendation: Behavioral health hospital or psychiatric hospital are the preferred terms to describe medical facilities specifically devoted to treating people with mental health conditions. Slow speech. It is characterized by unusually intense shifts in emotion, energy, behavior and activity levels in what are called mood episodes. Such episodes are usually classified as manic, hypomanic, depressive or mixed episodes. Euthanasia should not be used to describe medically assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide. The AP also suggests using resources from www.reportingonsuicide.org. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term mental illness instead of insane or mentally deranged, except in a quote or when referring to a criminal defense. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. OCD may present as a fear of contamination, disarray or intrusion, according to the Mayo Clinic. As language, perceptions and social mores change rapidly, it is becoming increasingly difficult for journalists and other communicators to figure out how to refer to people with disabilities. AP style: Not addressed except to state that homebound and housebound are one word with no hyphens. However, only about 15% of those with eye conditions are totally blind. Examples of developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. 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