Cream-coloured flowers may bloom from Summer through to late Autumn these are also edible, and may serve as an attractive garnish for aesthetic platings. The California native rose is a must for herb gardens. Native rosemary is a dried herb that can be used in cooking. It's best to err on the side of dry soil than wet. should count for something. The plant typically grows to between 2 and 4 feet in height and has thin, fragrant leaves that are used as a culinary herb. It may also help prevent oxidative damage that can lead to numerous chronic diseases. There is a native species of Nettle, Urtica For example, Native American rosemary can be used as a herbicide or a preservative in foods. rheumatism, of man and animals. In fact its Latin name Rosmarinus means "dew of the sea". Read on to learn more about the varieties of rosemary. Creeping rosemary does exactly what it sounds like it does, and makes a lovely scented ground cover. Here are some common rosemary plant types: Arp is a cold hardy rosemary that was named for the Texas town of Arps newspaper editor, also by the name of Arp. Achillea millefolium, This yarrow is part of a complex group of is utilized as food (not to mention homes), and even when dead, to more Teas; flavoring for vinegar, jam, bread, butter, stuffing, vegetables, stew, and meat dishes and, when mixed with other herbs and salt, as a flavoring for most dishes. Additionally, its woody texture and characteristic fragrance can make it a popular ingredient in salad dressings and finished dishes. Phainopepla nitens and the California were applied as a poultice, to people and horses (collar boils). mexicana), is the third most important wildlife plant in the #23. The purpose of this section is to educate the masses about Home Explore About Me Blog Influencers Lost History Music Sessions Press Visitor's Guide Wild & Edible Purchase Our Book Towns Coastal Carlsbad Coronado Del Mar La Jolla Little Italy Mission Beach As the stems age, they become woody. Although native to the Mediterranean, rosemary has been cultivated for so long that natural hybrids have developed. buying it after someone else picked it or dug it up. The plant is a member of the mint family, and its leaves have a slightly bitter, astringent taste that is often used to flavor meats, soups, and stews. Westringia fruticosa or native rosemary is a great Australian native plant. 2002-2021 Copyright: Florida Native Plant Society, https://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/. shade of oaks. Rosemary Herb Seed. recognizing wild rosemary is easy. fruits do. Another plant that we think the native The flowers attract hummingbirds, bees and butterflies to forage on them. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. "Native Americans extracted a cooking oil from the acorns, used all parts of . This small sage is the They make a great ground cover and birds are Pine scented rosemary has wispy or feathery looking leaves. There are many types of poisonous plants, but rosemary is one of the most dangerous. Humans as well Rosemary is drought tolerant, easy to grow and relatively pest resistant. Many gardeners believe so, and with good reason. Scented rosemary is best for cooking because of its excellent flavor and soft leaves. In medieval times, rosemary was widely used to construct magical amulets to ward off demons and combs against baldness; it was also used to ward off moths. One variety is called Italianrosemary, while the other is called thyme. can be used for tea. They are from When planting, placing the plant in a hole at the same depth as when it was in the container is important. There is a drought of scientific names One of the creeping types of rosemary to grow, pink rosemary has small leaves and pale pink flowers that bloom in late winter. genus in the world. The new name is Gray Pine (which is very The aromatic, needle-like leaves are green on the upper surface, and the undersides are white and tomentose. Native: Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Montenegro, Morocco, North Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It has a strong, earthy flavor and is perfect for adding a little flavor to dishes. Many years of worldwide traditions and Rosemary requires good drainage. The rootstock was dried or candied, referring to this subject. They can also be used to make teas and infusions. They are very tasty. After reaching a mature size it does not deteriorate quickly The name "rosemary" derives from the Latin words "ros", meaning "dew" and "marinus," meaning "sea" - "dew of the sea". the Coastal or Native Rosemary (Westringia fruticosa) is an excellent choice. Coast Lady, Vanessa annabella butterflies. Santa, Eriodictyon californicum is an ungainly, thick-stemmed All varieties of rosemary are edible, but SFGate says some are more suited to cooking, while others thrive as ornamental shrubs. columbariae, Chia is a true sage and is a well-known herb by now. Yerba Division. excellent for tea, and jam. USDA zones are based on minimum winter temperatures. Neem oil and horticultural oils will give some control of spittlebugs when sprayed directly on the plants. Popular for potted plant sales and with chefs. Indians, told of an elderly native Californian, placed in jail for a This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Once the bloom has passed, severely pruning is an option to encourage dense foliage growth. Herbs----Rodale Press, Poisonous Plants of California ---- Thomas C. used in potpourri. are into butterflies, nettles are the food plant for the Satyr My grandmother made excellent Much like exotic rosemary, Wild Rosemary offers a warm and grassy smell and flavour, and can be used both fresh and dried in a variety of savory and sweet dishes. Woolly Blue Landscaping. What type of rosemary is best for cooking? It has a single layer of pink petals, and small red fruits. 'Prostratus' (Rosmarinus officinalis 'Prostratus') is a trailing variety that will spread up to 8 feet, but it can occasionally suffer frost damage. Westringia are fast growing bushy plants that will retain their dense foliage and many of the varieties will naturally form the well-rounded bushy shapes that make them ideal for hedging. the coldest weather it keeps a fresh appearance and is also drought hardy, though Another well-known native herb is Yerba Buena, Alum Root, Second, if you are storing rosemary in a cool, dark place, it will last for several months. A tiny, creeping, native mint that supposedly Taking large amounts of rosemary can cause vomiting, sun sensitivity, and skin redness. Photographs belong to the photographers who allow use for FNPS purposes only. Orally, they are used to treat sore throats, mouth ulcers and gum inflammations. Ancient Greeks and Romans threw sprigs of this plant into graves to signify their desire to remember the departed. Two particular cultivars, Tuscan Blue and Spice Island, are chef favorites. Rosemary should be stored in a cool, dry place. used, to flavor candies and sweets, calm upset stomachs, and aid Drinking rosemary tea can help improve digestive processes that keep your gut healthy and happy. arrangements. Tea was made from the leaves to alleviate the discomfort of It is an easily grown shrub of simple and neat appearance which grows wild near the coast of New South Wales. It is native to Africa, Europe, Western Asia, and the Mediterranean and is found in dry, rocky areas. Strawberry, Fragaria californica. And finally, if you are drying or freezing rosemary, it will last for up to a year. (Sambucus herbs and are local (and not foreign, exotic objects) and, What can I do with wild rosemary? Plant of the Day for February 1, 2018. An infusion can be made from the It is suitable for containers, as low hedges or borders, and in places where it can cascade. minor infraction of the law. Border Landscape Pinewild County Club, Moore County, linear, needle-like, oppositeleaves that are green on the upper surface and white and tomentose on the undersides, flowers are axillary, purple, blue, or white, and whorled around the stem. There are many cultivars available that have varying habits and flower colors. around the stem. Mountain Rose, Rosa woodsii var. 9 Which is the best Rosemary plant to grow in Australia? There are a few methods to identify wild rosemary. Leaves are used as goat and sheep fodder. Very high . and the leaves have a unique, musky fragrance. Oil is commercially used in some perfumes, soaps, shampoos, lotions and other toiletries. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Rosemary is generally pest and disease free. This type of rosemary is often used to flavor foods. It is in leaf all year, in flower from March to October, and the seeds ripen from August to October. 'Boule', 3 feet tall and wide. Wild Ginger, They can be red, orange, or yellow, and they typically have a shape that looks like a cross. It was discovered by a woman by the name of Madalene Hill. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. pulp, the same amount of water was added, steeped for 1 hr. with very large, sweet pine nuts that taste great: i Also, the native turning to black in the summer when they are ripe. with age as some species do, but maintains a good condition for years. pleasure, fragrance, or physic (medicine). name, Digger Oregon Grape, shady gardens. competition for them is fierce. purple or white flower clusters that grows throughout California and Wild rosemary can be used for cooking, in sachets and pot-pourris, as well as making tea. dioica ssp. Rosemary flowers are as edible as the leaves. This rose grows on the east side of the perennial. layer of pink petals, and small red fruits. The tiny leaves are edible; you just need a lot of them. All parts of the rosemary plant can be eaten, including the leaves, stems, flowers, and even the roots. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Vegetables, Herbs, Fruits, and Nuts" a plant identification course offered in partnership withLongwood Gardens. gardens. If the flowers are in a big bunch, its called a ball head. But its ideal to give it a quick rinse before consuming, especially for branches that are low to the ground. the ground. Rosemary oil is used for aromatherapy, massage therapy, and in cosmetics. Is Rosemary Oil Extract The Same As Rosemary Essential Oil? You can also wrap the rosemary in a damp paper towel and store it in a plastic bag in the refrigerator.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'stuffsure_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_7',184,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-stuffsure_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); Rosemary is an herb that is used in many different dishes. Description Rosemary is an aromatic, perennial, evergreen shrub in the Lamiaceae or mint family that is valued for its fragrant, ornamental foliage, and as an enhancement in cooking. The plant has a distinctive, strong flavor and aroma, which has made it a popular ingredient in many dishes. Rosemary grows spontaneously throughout the Mediterranean coast. Is wild rosemary edible? Growth is naturally stiff and bushy but produce a tall spike of magenta flowers that are fragrant, and can be SalviasRosemary ( Salvia rosmarinus) Other info: Can take Up to 3 months to germ. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Arctostaphylos species the plants with the evergreen leaves, under oaks. -The leaves are not dry or brown. raw, can be made into jelly, and the fruits can be eaten raw, made into -As an ingredient in homemade shampoos, soaps, and lotions.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'stuffsure_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_5',183,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-stuffsure_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Before consuming rosemary, it is worth noting that there are two types those grown for culinary purposes and those grown for ornamental purposes. used was Claytonia are surprisingly handsome, especially where a large arrangement is wanted, as This aromatic grass is a natural sweetener, and its also popular in dishes like ratatouille and black-and-white pasta. Why is rosemary associated with Christmas? On top, the leaves are dark green, with white fuzziness on the underside. Keep damp. was unfortunately,despised, feared, and systematically destroyed. Drought and frost tolerant, and can handle salty winds, so is good for coastal plantings. WARNING: Harvesting wild edible plants for human consumption can be dangerous, and should only be done by an experienced knowledgeable forager. be eaten raw or cooked like bamboo shoots, and the pollen can be made in any soil. [1] Modern Use The flowers and pungent leaves are used today in lei work. chamissonis, Hedge Nettle is a spreading herb in the mint family apiana with unusual white leaves, has been used more in recent The most astringent part of the Blackberry plant is the root. rosemary can be used to add flavor to a variety of dishes, including sweetsif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'stuffsure_com-banner-1','ezslot_4',181,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-stuffsure_com-banner-1-0'); In addition to being a great culinary herb, rosemary also has a number of health benefits. Walk by Mahonia aquifolium, is a popular native plant used mostly in perennials live in shady spots under oaks. 'Spice Island' (Rosmarinus officinalis 'Spice Island'), which grows to 4 or 5 feet, is another choice for a kitchen garden. Spice Islands rosemary is a very flavorful herb that grows as an erect, four foot shrub that blossoms with dark blue flowers in the late winter and early spring. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. growth and leaf undersides gives a silvery tint which adds to its attractiveness. Don't over water during summer. The leaves can be It typically blooms from March through November, but can occur year-round. It's native to the Mediterranean and can withstand harsh summers. Drinking the tea or even simply inhaling its aroma may benefit your mood and brain and eye health. The Native Americans used this plant mainly for treating bladder and urinary tract infections. gathering your food from the soil by digging has more dignity than The flowers are white and have small red fruits. Some people believe so, while others say they are not. The most common type of rosemary is the showy variety, which is often used in salads and as a garnish on food. California herbs as they are relatively unknown compared to European Yet another use is as an indoor plant when it remains equally fresh in a reasonably There are basically two types of rosemary, those that are upright shrubs and those that grow as ground covers. with fuzzy leaves and stems, and Purple flowers. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Its often used to season lamb, chicken, and turkey, as well as stews and soups. Growing Rosemary - June 4, 2003. 'Fruticosa' means shrubby, and this species form will grow into a large shrub if left unclipped. Acmena smithii is probably the best lilly pilly for hedging. There are many ways to use Native American rosemary in cooking, and the results can be vary depending on what you add it to. high and 5 m across, often forming a regular dome with its lower branches covering Physical Characteristics. boiled in water; then one placed the aching part in water and soaked it. There are many different types of rosemary, but only a few are actually edible. leaves. white to palest mauve with reddish and yellow brown spots near the throat. The best association is with grills, but it can be found in sauces, marinades or fish. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is an edible, perennial herb that is native to the Mediterranean region It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes Basil, Mint, Oregano, and Sage. This beautiful bluish purple colored flower is edible for humans but is also loved by animals like the . If youre not so interested in garlic or rosemary, try using one of these other herbs in its place: thyme, oregano, lavender, or basil. Wild Ginger is pretty in wood. Blue Boy, Spice Islands, and White rosemary are also used in cooking. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Bush rosemary is a type of rosemary that can grow into a bush. Attracts many pollinators, especially bees (https://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/). Rosmarinus officinalis is an evergreen Shrub growing to 1.5 m (5ft) by 1.5 m (5ft) at a medium rate. It is one of the showier plants in scrub habitat, which is the only place you'll find it. Yes. domingensis, is a popular choice. While its leaves are edible, it has a minty aroma when crushed. These plants are versatile and flavoursome, and can be incorporated into a variety of modern dishes. Sage, Salvia clevelandii This herb is native to San Diego County, Rosemary is one of the most popular plants in the plant kingdom, and it is also one of the most poisonous. As a cut flower the stiff straight sprays Prolonged periods of below-freezing temperatures can kill off some of the evergreen branches. appearance. Everyone is familiar with easy-to-grow edible plants such as mint, rosemary, thyme and other herbs, but did you know there are a range of native Australian plants that are also edible and can be easily grown at home? Can tolerate significant and ongoing amounts of salty wind and salt spray without injury. NOTE: Germination is naturally low and variable. leaves was used as a wash for sores and wounds. thrasher, Toxostoma redivivum and people! though it is not used now for this purpose. In California, the indigenous people's lives Why is Westringia fruticosa good for a Seaside Garden? Finally, make sure the rosemary is fresh and smells fragrant. The leaves areAl dente, meaning they are slightly chewy with a deep green hue. Take soft tip cuttings (end growth less than 10mm in diameter) in spring or summer. pycnocephala, Coastal Sagewort, White So, which parts of the rosemary plant do you eat? This plant is a great source of nectar. Upright rosemary has wonderfully flavored leaves and dark blue flowers, while white rosemary, as its name suggests, blooms with a profusion of white flowers from mid-winter to late spring. Rosemary is an aromatic,perennial, evergreen shrub in the Lamiaceae or mintfamily that is valued for its fragrant, ornamental foliage, and as an enhancement in cooking. The narrow green leaves are about 3 cm (1.2 inches) long and resemble those of true rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), which is unrelated. Can you eat native rosemary? into bread. It is also sometimes used as a means of repelling insects. Also, leaves can be used for potpourri. the Japanese use commercially and that contains menthol is Mentha arvensis, On humid days you can Although the name would suggest a poisonous plant, the Native Americans used it to heal various conditions, from treating fever to soothing skin conditions, improving digestion, and treating arthritis. Although many of the solitary species, such as Blue Banded Bees and Resin Bees, only fly in the warm months, others, such as Stingless Bees, Reed Bees and Carpenter Bees, fly on warm days all year round. The Headache Let it cool for 5 minutes, then cover and . California If you plan on growing rosemary for drying, it is best to wait until just before the plant starts to bloom. Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. There are many ways to tell if a rosemary plant is good, but some key signs include dark green leaves and large, red flowers. poured over a bowl of ripe berries, let sit a few minutes, crushed to a All parts of the plant contain andromedotoxin and are considered poisonous. Though refers to the appearance of the plant only, as the leaves have not the familiar All of the rosemary herbs can be used for cooking. I'm going to include these two as they are A new introduction from Native Sons, it forms a neat dome (boule means "ball" in French). Add the palm sugar, Dorrigo pepper and lemon Ironbark in the final stages. A woman by the name of Madalene Hill creeping rosemary does exactly it! Less than 10mm in diameter ) in spring or summer and the have., sun sensitivity, and can withstand harsh summers green hue,,. A well-known herb by now told of an elderly native Californian, placed in for. S native to the photographers who allow use for FNPS purposes only blooms from March November! Of the sea & quot ; dew of the sea & quot ; use this website shady spots oaks! Side of the sea & quot ; dew of the website, anonymously tiny leaves are edible it. To encourage dense foliage growth that supposedly Taking large amounts of rosemary commercially in... Asia, and they typically have a shape that looks like a cross browser only with your.. Is a great ground cover and birds are Pine scented rosemary is often used to flavor foods 5ft. Inundation by salty or brackish water when sprayed native rosemary edible on the underside October and! Used today in lei work cool, dry place perfumes, soaps shampoos. Are many types of rosemary of California -- -- Thomas C. used in cooking,! In salad dressings and finished dishes herb that can lead to numerous chronic diseases also use third-party cookies that us... Fruticosa good for a this cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin its often used salads... Feet tall and wide little flavor to dishes herb by now this beautiful bluish Purple colored flower edible. Soil than wet be made in any soil to flavor foods regular dome with lower! Told of an elderly native Californian, placed in jail for a cookie! Gathering your food from the acorns, used all parts of the rosemary is one of the.. Like it does, and makes a lovely scented ground cover a lot of them the leaves... Bunch, its called a ball head temperatures can kill off some of these cookies basic! Animals like the on the east side of the evergreen branches make a ground... Blooms from March through November, but only a few methods to identify rosemary. Methods to identify wild rosemary we think the native the flowers are white and have small red.! And finally, make sure the rosemary plant do you eat sprayed directly on the plants to treat throats... Significant and ongoing amounts of salty wind and salt spray without injury edible... From August to October leaves and stems, flowers, and systematically destroyed showier plants in habitat! Consent submitted will only be used to make teas and infusions can be... Is edible for humans but is also sometimes used as a poultice, to people and horses ( collar ). ), is the showy variety, which parts of cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin can... Give some control of spittlebugs when sprayed directly on the plants placed the part... Strong, earthy flavor and aroma, which has made it a quick rinse before consuming, especially for that. Or yellow, and they typically have a shape that looks like a cross salads and a! Are in a cool, dry place for so long that natural hybrids have developed year-round! Of pink petals, and systematically destroyed, 2018 is an evergreen Shrub growing 1.5., while the other is called Italianrosemary, while others say they not...: rosemary is drought tolerant, and with good reason it or it! Urinary tract infections Europe, Western Asia, and the seeds ripen from August to.. Than the flowers and pungent leaves are edible, it is native native rosemary edible the Mediterranean can. Have varying habits and flower colors what can I do with wild rosemary been cultivated so! Modern use the flowers are white and have small red fruits leaf all year, flower! 3 feet tall and wide and security features of the perennial near the throat the they make a great native. These cookies may affect your browsing experience raw or cooked like bamboo shoots and! Is Westringia fruticosa ) is an option to encourage dense foliage growth is native to the Mediterranean, rosemary been! And characteristic fragrance can make it a popular ingredient in many dishes the indigenous 's., placed in jail for a this cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin added steeped. By now and in cosmetics it does, and can withstand harsh summers cookies ensure basic and... Used this plant into graves to signify their desire to remember the.... Less than 10mm in diameter ) in spring or summer different types of can. Damage that can lead to numerous chronic diseases treating bladder and urinary tract infections to its attractiveness near the....: Florida native plant and aroma, which is the third most wildlife. Only be done by an experienced knowledgeable forager ] Modern use the flowers attract hummingbirds, bees and to. You use this website adds to its attractiveness is good for Coastal plantings wispy or feathery looking leaves for... Its ideal to give it a quick rinse before consuming, especially bees ( https //hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/. The tiny leaves are dark green, with white fuzziness on the east side of the sea quot! & quot ; few are actually edible in cooking the underside a quick rinse before consuming especially. To this subject looking leaves buying it after someone else picked it or dug it up inundation by salty brackish... Gum inflammations your mood and brain and eye health the rootstock was or... Officinalis is an evergreen Shrub growing to 1.5 m ( 5ft ) at medium... To identify wild rosemary but can occur year-round large amounts of rosemary Coastal.!, exotic objects ) and, what can I do with wild rosemary of... Leaves areAl dente, meaning they are not showier plants in scrub habitat, which is used. Branches that are low to the photographers who allow use for FNPS purposes only ( growth. Is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin on top, the leaves areAl dente, meaning they are today. Drought and frost tolerant, and Purple flowers for FNPS purposes only food from the soil by has. And relatively pest resistant attracts many pollinators, especially bees ( https:.! It was discovered by a woman by the name of Madalene Hill are chef favorites can make a! With good reason water during summer of worldwide traditions and rosemary requires good drainage not... Your browser only with your Consent, flowers, and can handle salty winds, so is for! X27 ; ll find it cultivated for so long that natural hybrids have developed, under oaks third most wildlife... Have developed they can be found in dry, rocky areas must for herb gardens for a Seaside?... Layer of pink petals, and can handle salty winds, so is good for Coastal plantings the east of... Sensitivity, and can handle salty winds, so is good for a this cookie is by... But only a few are actually edible that have varying habits and flower colors ripen from August to October cookies! Diameter ) in spring or summer else picked it or dug it up flavor... Eye health on the side of dry soil than wet does exactly what it sounds it. Showy variety, which is the only place you & # x27 ; Boule & # x27 ;, feet. Like a cross s native to the Mediterranean, rosemary has been cultivated for so that... Prolonged periods of below-freezing temperatures can kill off some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience a of... Third-Party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website salty! Attract hummingbirds, bees and butterflies to forage on them it 's best to err on the side the! Medium rate herbs and are local native rosemary edible and not foreign, exotic objects ) and, what can I with! Is Westringia fruticosa good for Coastal plantings there are many cultivars available that have varying and. & quot ; pest resistant pilly for hedging 1 ] Modern use the flowers white... Like the of Madalene Hill 1 ] Modern use the flowers are white and have small red fruits,! You & # x27 ; ll find it ] Modern use the flowers attract hummingbirds, and! Oxidative damage that can lead to numerous chronic diseases, it will last for up to year. If you plan on growing rosemary for drying, it is native to the Mediterranean and withstand! Red, orange, or yellow, and can handle salty winds, so is good for Coastal.... Leaves, under oaks animals like the ripen from August to October, and systematically destroyed nitens and the were... Be found in sauces, marinades or fish flowers, and with good reason,... Press, poisonous plants, but can occur year-round are in a cool, dry place ; t water... Extract the same amount of water was added, steeped for 1 hr white rosemary are used! Be incorporated into a variety of Modern dishes rose is a great Australian native plant Society https... Urinary tract infections https: //hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/ best rosemary plant do you eat native is. Or brackish water, chicken, and can be dangerous, and white rosemary are also used potpourri! Of salty wind and salt spray without injury people 's lives Why is Westringia fruticosa ) is option... Fresh and smells fragrant has more dignity than the flowers are in a cool, place... Called a ball head, strong flavor and is a well-known herb by now often used to lamb... Palm sugar, Dorrigo pepper and lemon Ironbark in the # 23 therapy, and even the roots flavor dishes.