By February, organization of the ocean escorts had been formalized into American, British, and Canadian groups. Deployments were six months in length followed by a six month period in the US, about half of which was spent underway in various fleet exercises off the West Coast. Christened USS Fletcher, she carried over several design features from the earlier classes, such as a rounded pilot house. Jurgen Rohwer and Gerhard Hummelchen, The Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939-1945, rev. An American freighter, the SS City of Flint, reached the scene the next morning, joining the Norwegian freighter Knut and the Swedish yacht Southern Cross. While in the shipyards, Cdr. A 36 searchlight and platform, a Mk-12/22 fire-control radar antenna, four more K-guns, and several smaller items were salvaged from USS TOLMAN (DD-740/DM-28) prior to her disposal by the Navy as a target ship. Later emphasis on anti-aircraft defense led to a redesigned or square bridge for improved all-around sightlines, beginning with Brownson (DD 518). Still, 80 percent of Allied convoys completed the journey safely. Commander-in-Chief, U.S.; Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic; and Eastern Sea Frontier Operations logs, message logs, and after-action reports; NARA. In 1995, what began as a blind letter to several allied navies which had received Fletcher-class ships in the years following 1945 resulted in the donation of twelve Mk-9 depth charges from the Turkish navy. The pre-war classes of destroyer had been constrained by the London Naval Treaty of 1930 and by the country's reluctance to invest in a stronger Navy, but they did advance destroyer design in a number of ways. The Royal Navy primarily covered the western approaches to England, the U.S. Navy protected the mid-Atlantic from its bases in Newfoundland and Iceland, while the Royal Canadian Navy protected the convoys as they departed or arrived off Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. In August of 1943, she transited the Panama Canal along with three other destroyers providing escort for USS ALABAMA (BB-60) and SOUTH DAKOTA (BB-57) and proceeded to Pearl Harbor. On deck it was necessary to disconnect all shore services, pick up the ships boats, remove rat guards, and a variety of other actions, including preparing an anchor for dropping in an emergency. She screened the amphibious operations, serving as a fire-support ship during the landings on Leyte. Next we will describe the process for getting underway from alongside another ship or a pier. Introduced in 1942, the 2,100-ton Fletcher-class destroyers formed the core of the US Navys destroyer force from 1943. The raids that developed that day werent out of the ordinary, in spite of the fact that three approaching formations of enemy aircraft were reported. USS The Sullivans served with . During World War II, the Atlantic Coast destroyers would probably be at battle stations with Material Condition Zebra set by the time that they cleared the submarine net. Today, USS KIDD is moored in the Mississippi River in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the centerpiece of the USS Kidd Veterans Museum. No. The ship's CO, Commander George McCabe, knew from hard experience that the sonar's pinging could be heard by a U-boat beyond the range an escort could detect the sub. The Fletcher class destroyers had a wartime complement of 329 personnel. . Despite being rooted in World War II history, the Tom Hanks movie is not directly based on a true story. But suddenly, there was no movement from the boat, and the Ingham passed over her without dropping any charges. One of the enemy planes descended to near water level, levelled out, and commenced a run on BLACK which was 1,500 yards off KIDDs starboard beam. World War II was only days old, but the Coast Guard's "327s" had already answered the call of duty in what would come to be known as the Battle of the Atlantic. On March 19, 1945, the carrier USS FRANKLIN (CV-13) suffered a devastating hit which touched off gasoline and ammunition explosions and claimed 724 lives. The working part of the torch consisted of a rag wrapped around the end of the handle and secured by wire. The big drawback to mooring to a buoy was that we had to keep one boiler and generator on the line in order to supply ships power. It was early on at this point in her career when she picked up the nickname that would become her trademark. A member of the Duane's crew, Victor Bogard, remembered that "Whenever a shell exploded on the German submarine, many crew members would shout and cheer. 27 2023 . One of the main reasons the filmmakers chose to shoot on the historic battleship is because the Kidd is the only surviving WWII destroyer still in her wartime configuration.If you listen closely during the movie, one of the sailors on the ship refers to a buddy he knows who was on the Kidd. An explanation of Material Conditions is in order. The USS KIDD (DD-661) is a Fletcher-class destroyer, the six hundred sixty-first destroyer built by the United States Navy. The Fletcher class was the largest and most important class of U.S. destroyers to serve in the war. While it's a nice nod to the ship the movie was filmed on, in real life, the USS Kidd wasn't launched until late February 1943, several months after the events in the movie take place. Each compartment has been treated as a display case into which innumerable artifacts have been collected and arranged just as they would have been when sailors lived and worked on board. The WWII battle focused on Germany's effort to cut off transatlantic supply lines by gaining control of the Atlantic Ocean. Some that we were called upon to perform included: There are probably some others that I have forgotten about. Commissioned back into service on March 28 of that year under the command of Cdr. The ship had to approach very carefully directly into the current and hold itself in position during this process. Acting as a member of a screen as part of a carrier task group against air, surface, and subsurface attack. U-boat U-405 was swallowed by the sea that night, adding to the Atlantic's WWII seabed graveyard. . Earl Skinner, a crewman in the Spencer, observed a 5-inch shell hit the conning tower of the surfaced U-boat as survivors jumped into the water. Finally, the third Fletcher selected was KIDD, largely due to the efforts of Harold Monning, who served aboard her during World War II, and the shipmates of the DESRON 48 Reunion Association. At 1955 her radar picked up the convoy about 16,000 yards ahead. Battery containers were smashed, releasing toxic chlorine gas, and two of the bow torpedoes began hot runs but could not be fired because of the sub's depth. During Operation War Dance in December of that year, KIDD cruised at 10 knots around the harbor at Wonsan, drawing the fire of enemy shore batteries in order to reveal their positions. U-175 was 65 feet deep when the explosions cracked and twisted her pressure hull. Fifteen minutes later, however, the radarman reported a contact at only 4,600 yards on a bearing well clear of the convoy. The only ports we got to visit during my deployments were Yokosuka and Sasebo in Japan, Hong Kong, Kaoshung Taiwan, and Subic Bay in the Philippines. She serves as a reminder of all those who have gone before us. Was on DD650 for 4 years right out of boot camp I am now ret USN MSC you in 76 there is not a day that goes by that I dont think of the best year s of my life I am now 77and I wish I could do it all again when the good Lord takes me I hope he will put me on the USS C APERTON DD650, Pingback: The George Stewart I Knew | Naval Historical Foundation. Despite talk of returning her to the United States as a museum ship, she was condemned in 2010 as a derelict and hazard to navigation and scrapped in 20102011. The Fletcher class destroyer is one of the most famous and most produced warships developed and built for the US navy in WW2. Naval Institute is maintaining and preserving the former Naval Historical Foundation website so readers and former NHF members can still access past issues of Pull Together and other content. She saw her first duty covering the North Atlantic sea lanes near Argentia, Newfoundland. USS Jenkins (DD-447) was a Fletcher-class destroyer in the service of the United States Navy, the second ship named after Rear Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins.Beginning service during World War II, the destroyer saw action in the Pacific theatre. In September of 1957, KIDD and the submarine USS REDFISH (SS-395) participated in the filming of the motion picture Run Silent Run Deep off the coast of San Diego. "The tower was a mass of twisted steel. In 1984, the Dutch fleet oiler ZUIDERKRUIS arrived in Baton Rouge on a port visit and transferred to KIDD two twin 20mm gun mounts, two Mk-16 K-gun depth charge projectors, and twelve 20mm magazine drums. On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, and only two days later, the German submarine U-30 sank the British ocean liner SS Athenia off the Irish coast. Lieutenant Bruns was one of the first killed as the U-boat crew began climbing out of the sub and attempted to abandon ship. "It was a shallow charge, and as that thing exploded, the ship quivered, really quivered," Sasso said. It was also more difficult to remain unnoticed by the Germans.The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous battle of WWII. Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. Losing the supply lines was a constant worry for the Allies. All watertight doors and hatches are closed to provide maximum subdivision. Some 2,100-tonners served off Korea in the 1950s and some even off Vietnam in the 60s. For the Leyte landings in October 1944, all nine ships operated with the Third Fleets Logistic Group. About once per quarter we would be assigned an availability alongside a Destroyer Tender for routine repairs. Destroyers have been called upon to perform a wide variety of duties. February 27, 2023 By restaurants on the water in st clair shores By restaurants on the water in st clair shores Bush fulfilled one of his promises to the crew upon taking command at Ulithi: the pirate, which had been ordered painted over in late 44, was restored to the Number One stack. They did not appear until the 1970s. Fletcher -class destroyers boasted ten torpedo tubes, depth charge projectors, and five radar-guided 5" dual-purpose guns allowing them to ably combat aircraft, submarines and surface. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Avenue, SE Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374 1-202-678-4333 info@navyhistory.org. Anne Randle was the first member of the WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) to be assigned to the Office of Shipbuilding in New York City. The freighters bow sliced nearly halfway through the destroyers hull at the deck line, leaving a 15-ft. v-shaped hole that extended three feet below the waterline and flooding the sonar compartment. It was an entirely different Navy! Essentially what this meant was for the first team to take their assigned stations for getting underway. Required fields are marked *. In the traditional system of naming destroyers after Naval heroes, she was named after Rear Admiral Isaac Campbell Kidd, Sr. who was killed aboard his flagship, USS ARIZONA (BB-39) during the surprise attack by the Japanese on the American fleet anchored at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. X-RAY provides the least protection. At that time, there was still an uneasy tradition that having a woman aboard a naval ship was to invite bad luck. ZEBRA is the highest level of protection. Left full rudder was applied; the ship had just barely begun to turn. The mid-ocean U.S. escort groups were built around either the Campbell or Spencer, supported by a few U.S. Navy destroyers and corvettes from the Canadian, Free Polish, and/or Free French navies. Meanwhile, the Navy continued looking ahead. KIDD was one of several destroyers which stood guard for the beleaguered carrier while her crew fought to keep her afloat. Commissioned back into service on March 28 of that year under the command of Cdr. It is instead based on author C. S. Forester's 1955 novel The Good Shepherd. She serves as a reminder of all those who have gone before us. The Alexander Hamilton was one of the first cutters actively engaged in convoy escort duty. two months later on April 23, KIDD commenced her shakedown cruise at Casco Bay, Maine. Under the command of Cdr. A sister ship of the Fletcher-class, USS CAPERTON (DD-650), provided the quintuple Mk-14 21-inch torpedo tubes that were missing, as well as a Mk-27 torpedo director, two Mk-63 gun directors, and her boat boom. The night was overcast with the seas running six to eight feet as the Campbell went to general quarters. The Steering Gear room (After Steering) would be manned. The Coast Guard would man 30 DEs, organized in five escort divisions, and 74 PFs, primarily assigned to weather-station duty. The crew was extremely tight. The Pirate of the Pacific began a series of WESTPAC cruises which lasted from 1954 to 1959. In those days, the Navy had been heavily influenced by carrier task group operations during the war and the experiences with the Kamikazes during the Battle of Okinawa. It was December, 1944. Having transferred steam to both engine rooms from her only remaining boiler room, KIDD now made approximately 20 knots as she headed south toward Ulithi Atoll. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1987). ; The Navy, page 115, 2000, Naval Historical Foundation, Washington. Thus far during the war, she had suffered no major damage, the starshells fired by NORTH CAROLINA over a year and a half earlier being the most severe. Underway operations will be described in the next section. On 5 September, as Bibb and Campbell raced toward their rendezvous, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had declared a Neutrality Zone along the East Coast of the United States. Slow but reliable, the Coast Guard's Secretary-class cutters were the backbone of the United States' North Atlantic escort force during World War II. But with these exceptions, the basic procedures for getting a destroyer underway have not changed a great deal from what I have described. Copyright 2023 HistoryvsHollywood.com, CTF Media, Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, subscribe to the History vs. Hollywood YouTube Channel. Tying up alongside the destroyer tender HAMUL (AD-20), the crew began to make temporary repairs. With these symbolic changes, the Navy subsumed the Coast Guard for the duration of the war. This is the third in a series of articles by Captain Stewart detailing the technical specifications, manning, and operations of the U.S. Navys Fletcher class destroyers. Eventually, eleven shipyards launched 175 ships over the next 32 monthsthe most numerous class of destroyer completed by any navy. In 1959, KIDD was transferred to the Atlantic Fleet. The U-boat was too close for the destroyer's guns, so the crew members opened fire with rifles, submachine guns, and machine guns. She participated in the bombardments of Roi and Kotje through February of that year, guarded construction of airfields at Emirau from March through April, and then supported the occupation of Aitape and Hollandia in New Guinea in May. KIDD was one of several destroyers which stood guard for the beleaguered carrier while her crew fought to keep her afloat. This never happened in real life. Introduced in 1942, the 2,100-ton Fletcher -class destroyers formed the core of the US Navy's destroyer force from 1943. Allan B. Roby, the Silver Star for gallantry. She continued rescue operations all the while maneuvering to avoid bombs and airborne torpedoes while simultaneously engaging the enemy. The edition of TIME magazine that week carried a photo of KIDD, announcing that it had been one hundred years since the Jolly Roger had flown in New York Harbor. To prevent anyone mistaking their identity at night, the cutters steamed with all lights on and each flew a large American flag illuminated by a spotlight. During this time, KIDD was credited with having rescued a total of 35 carrier personnel. For this reason, all sailors of the Boiler Technician (BT) rating were meticulous about carrying a book of matches around with them at all times. World War II Operations. Built at Federal Shipbuilding & Dry-dock Company of Kearny, New Jersey, KIDD was one of four destroyers [USS BULLARD (DD-660), USS THORN (DD-647), and USS TURNER (DD-648)] launched on February 28, 1943 in a record-breaking fourteen minutes. This meant passing a second bight around the bollard on the pier or the ship alongside. In addition, the Coast Guard ships' commissioning pennants were replaced with the Navy flags. Ordered to take a training tour of the Kearny Shipyards, her name was placed on the list of personnel that were scheduled to report on board KIDD for the purpose of accompanying the destroyer across the harbor to the Brooklyn Naval Shipyards. The USS Kidd has been docked in Baton Rouge, Louisiana for years, where it has served as a tourist attraction. We had a victim already strapped in the stretcher when he was wounded.. Preparations would start several hours before getting underway, primarily down in the engineering spaces. 5. Allan B. Roby, the destroyer moved across New York Harbor for delivery to the Brooklyn Naval Shipyards . A. Randle, omitting any mention of her gender. Several films are told from the point of view of the German U-boat crews. I made six month WESTPAC deployments in 1957 and 1958. Reg Ingraham, First Fleet (Cornwall, NY: Bobbs-Merill Company, 1944). As well as other tasks, most of the ships served on weather station patrols, monitoring conditions in specific areas of the Atlantic. She was present for the occupation of Saipan in June of 1944 and assisted in the bombardment of Guam in July and August. Ships' logs, war diaries, and after-action reports for the Coast Guard cutters: USS Bibb, Campbell, Duane, Alexander Hamilton, Ingham, and Spencer; National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (hereinafter cited as NARA). Beginning in December 1943, all other DesRon 51 ships began making their way to the Pacific, some in time for the Marshall Islands operation, continuing in various combinations through the Marianas operation, where Haraden was damaged in a bomb attack, and Palau. [2] She was first launched in 1943 and went in and out of commission during the Korean War and the Cold War. Once clear of the harbor, the navigator would announce that we were entering International Waters, where different Rules of the Road apply. Krause commands a multi-national group of four escort ships tasked with protecting a convoy of merchant ships that are being hunted by German U-boats. The second was CASSIN YOUNG. Thirty-two were transferred to the navies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Taiwan and Turkey. Morale among the crew soared. This action won her skipper at the time, Cdr. After the three ships met at night on 9 September, the cutters helped care for and transport the survivors back to the United States. The plaque was mounted on KIDDs quarter deck in their memory. It soon became clear that it was traveling in the opposite direction of the convoy. Thus there were two groups of 2,100-tonners: one-third (58) were high- or round-bridge ships; two-thirds, (117) were low- or square-bridge ships. Germany lost roughly 28,000 to 30,000 U-boat crewmen, roughly 70 percent of the 41,000 German seamen who took part in the lengthy battle. The crew quickly adopted the pirate Captain Kiddwho ironically hailed from New Yorkas their mascot and hired a local cartoonist to paint the famed buccaneers image high of the forward smokestack. She and the other ships of her squadron were among the first to encounter the Japanese planes which came out to meet the great armada threatening Japans shores. single-barreled gun mounts, two 40mm quad-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, three 40mm twin-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, six 20mm twin-barreled anti-aircraft mounts, 305 South River Road Baton Rouge, LA 70802. She provided escort for the carrier task force which launched air raids on Wake Island in October of 1943 and then again, in November, for the carriers ESSEX (CV-9), BUNKER HILL (CV-17), and INDEPENDENCE (CV-22) in strikes against Rabaul and Bougainville. After the war, the ships reverted to Coast Guard control and were reconfigured as peacetime cutters. Arnold Hague, The Allied Convoy System 1939-1945 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000). KIDD sounded the warning to the rest of the fleet and opened fire, downing two of the attackers. 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