How could this be? We need to rethink the misconstrued conclusions of social experimentation in the 20th century, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the Banality of Evil, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Transphobic Social-Media Vigilantes Endanger the Black Community, Free-Speech and Hypocrisy: How JK Rowling Silences Her Critics. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. Others simply sunk into the activity and took self assigned roles. A general assembly was organised for 12 pm the next day to watch the televised speech of their leader. Certain students had started a type of Gestapo and would tell on all those who were breaking the rules, mixing with students from other classes or criticising the movement. set I had in the front of the room. The school was alive with conjecture and curiosity. The room stayed deadly still. I wondered if this doesn't happen to lots of people. That self training. I think its a great, although disturbing, story but I guess what I'm having trouble with is the timeline. Or he is exaggerating, or what? It was one of the most interesting classes I have ever had. In the next few minutes and perhaps years, you will have an opportunity to answer this question. ", The clincher came quite by accident. Students were issued a member card. In the martial atmosphere of the class they seemed stunned and pensive. We did this again, and again. It's one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least expect. Students slowly rose from their Chairs and without words filed into the outdoor light. I explained why I acted and then assigned four guards to escort the women to the library and to restrain them from entering the class an Friday. The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.. ", "If our enactment of the Fascist mentality is complete not one of you will ever admit to being at this final Third Wave rally. Others cried openly and then brushed away tears to carry on. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. Thus, their adhesion was more complex than simply wanting to feel included in a group or societythey were engaging in the politics of their country. The Third Wave was disrupting normal learning. In the library or in gym students would be seen giving this strange hand jive. Like the Germans, you will have trouble admitting to yourself that you come this far. I felt very alone and a little scared. Jones." The television won. In our own personal habits and way of life. To conclude the session on direct action, I instructed students in a simple procedure for initiating new members. Prompted by the trial of high-ranking Nazi and Holocaust-coordinator Adolf Eichmann, Milgram wished to assess whether . We have seen that fascism is not just something those other people did. Conditions that produce tyranny could be the presence of an apparently legitimate authority, a certain motivational interest, and/or threats and manipulation. Row after row began to fill. 1981 Norman Lear ABC-TV Movie "The Wave". Ordinary people will rationalise rather than be rational when they are in a threatening or difficult situation, in order to excuse themselves for being part of something that they fundamentally disagree with. As the movement grew outside his class and began to number in the hundreds, the experiment had spiraled out of control. Finally questions began to emerge. The Aversion Project (1970s and 80s). I sure do, it was one of the most frightening events I ever experienced In the classroom. Shereen Lehman, MS. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. A hushed silence shrouded the room. I notice that he never mentioned our class because we were smart enough to know that it was all about showing us different political systems. How an athlete feels having worked hard and regularly to be successful at a sport. Now the students do their homework to be able to answer Ben Ross questions. Well, the Third Wave gave Robert a place in school. 2008 German film The Wave, based on these events, A first-hand account from the Chicago Teachers Union strike, from education worker Agnieszka Karoluk. Students who responded in a sluggish manner were reprimanded and in every case made to repeat their behavior until it was a model of punctuality and respect. To accentuate this, I requested answers to be given in three words or less. In an embarrassed hug we greet. By strange coincidence I think it was Steve who started the Third Ways with a question. Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. Just smiling and saluting other class members. 1976 Ron Jones First Short Story "The Third Wave". I can tell you and anyone else about the Third Wave. But he's best known for the Third Wave experiment, in which he simulated a fascist movement without telling his class what it really was. Jones." I shared this silence with two hundred students. To accepting the Third Wave as a way of life. This posture started with feet flat on the floor, hands placed flat across the small of the back to force a straight alignment of the spine. ", "It's all set for tomorrow. A strange calm is in effect when a room full of people sit in quite observation and anticipation. The salute was give. In 3 days the movement had grown to 200 students. It was fun. That's what I did. I told him we were merely studying the German personality. In the confusion of the moment I moved slowly toward the television. Shoved by your own desires into the place you now find yourself. But the rally itself. Only a small minority of students saw through the faade, they were named the breakers who tore down Third Wave posters and replaced them with counter slogans. Strength through understanding Strength through community A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. Steve Conigio had been a sophomore student in my World History class. In the final twenty-five minutes of the class I introduced some new rules. It's raising a barn with your neighbors, it's feeling that you are a part of something beyond yourself, a movement, a team, La Raza, a cause. Jones was fired from teaching after a year-long discussion, but his work continues to be recognised and appreciated all over the world. Composite by Coffee or Die . Situations in which students were pitted against each other In everything from gym to reading. As Jones (1979, pp. The students began to look at each other and sense the power of belonging. In telling their parents of the experiment they set up a brief chain of events. So we become the image. Within days, they had a motto, flag, salute, and began to view themselves as an exclusive, elite group. These and other controversial experiments led . Don't you feel better.". He said that he invented the term "The Third Wave" and the salute for it. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. "Mr. Jones do you remember the Third Wave?" Being a follower. There were the athletes, the social prominents, the student leaders, the loners, the group of kids that always left school early, the bikers, the pseudo hip, a few representatives of the school's dadaist click, and some of the students that hung out at the laundromat. Performance in academic skill areas was significantly improving. A societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and T.V. This article is about the social experiment. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. The Wave is a made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Grasshoff, based on The Third Wave experiment put on by teacher Ron Jones to explain to his students how the German populace could accept the actions of the Nazi regime. They began to panic. He will explain all the things that he was able to manipulate the kids into doing which seems like would've taken weeks or months and claim it only took one day. At eleven thirty students began to ant their way into the room; at first a few scouting the way and then more. With that, I gave the salute followed automatically by two hundred arms stabbing a reply. Third Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. Jones emphasized this main point of the movement . Klink, Bill. There is no such thing as a national youth movement called the Third Wave. It's easier being a teacher. Based on his account, he did not question his students' experiences and reflections by careful listening to them and providing them with sensitive guidance. Robert was sobbing. The third wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones. (I later found out it was the father of one of the students. He told me about his friends that had been killed in Germany. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. It would not be possible to analyse such experiments without comparing them alongside one another since it takes a comparative study to come up with trustworthy explanations in the social sciences. Upon their arrival, the students were presented with a blank channel. You will not allow your friends and parents to know that you were willing to give up individual freedom and power for the dictates of order and unseen leaders. "Before turning on the national press conference, which begins in five minutes, I want to demonstrate to the press the extent of our training." Strength Through Community! A presence that will not change. I had to stop for a minute to remember. As for my part in this exercise, I had nothing but questions. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. Yes, I had been pushing information at them in an extremely controlled setting but the fact that they found it comfortable and acceptable was startling. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. I was only doing my job. These three young women were by far the most intelligent students in the class. Most of my fear emanated from the incidence of "tattletaling". Good story as it goes, but could really have benefited from some analysis of the school as an ideological context in which this kind of behaviour is particularly prone to manifest, what with public education already being a system that favours obedience, conformity, and subservience. Their teacher called the group "The Third Wave," even going so far as to punish an improper sitting posture. A television screen placed at the front of the room showed nothing but snow. You are no better or worse than the German Nazis we have been studying. I don't know maybe he just imbelished a little or something. Oh I was benevolent. Was the desire for discipline and uniformity a natural need? Don't talk to anyone about this. Therefore, it becomes necessary in some cases to manipulate and monopolise peoples confidence. The project was adapted into an American film, The Wave, in 1981, and a critically acclaimed German film, Die Welle, in 2008. tax collector. Many of the students were completely into being Third Wave Members. By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. The secret must finally be waning. That's right. April 7, 1967. Let me show you your future. In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. In the case of war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann, he constructed no banal excuses for his actions, and acted according to his own ideals and his own plans, according to those already set up by the Nazi regime. It's now just a dream, something to remember, no it's something we tried to forget. On Thursday I began to draw the experiment to a conclusion. In the four years I taught at Cubberley High School no one ever admitted to attending the Third Wave Rally. "The Third Wave isn't just an experiment or classroom activity. Every person focusing on the T.V. Talk about tone deaf. Here I was enacting an authoritarian learning environment and it seemed very productive. A new purpose. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. One of the central points of this movement was that democracy's main weakness is that it favors the individual over the whole community. You bargained your freedom for the comfort of discipline and superiority. Ron Jones himself was, at the time, part of the Black Panther movement which was a far-Left activist organisation that was strongly opposed to the Vietnam war and the US government. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. On Monday, I introduced my sophomore history students to one of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany. 1981 Todd Strasser (Morton Rhue) Novelization "The Wave". We worked on this simple act for the entire class period. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. I lectured about the beauty of discipline. There have been a number of famous psychology experiments that are considered controversial, inhumane, unethical, and even downright cruelhere are five examples. I was shocked! The maneuver took five seconds. What does he do now (or after he was fired)? In focus drills I concentrated attention on the feet being parallel and flat, ankles locked, knees bent at ninety degree angles, hands flat and crossed against the back, spine straight, chin down, head forward. I particularly remember Robert. It was the last time I would ask anyone to recite. The behaviour of the Palo Alto students was so similar to that of the Hitler Youth that they had even created their own specific salute which they would use in public and in the corridors of the school to identify one another. It was as if everyone wanted to dissect the moment, figure out what had happened. In 1967, teacher Ron Jones conducted a social experiment with unexpected results. Robert was crying. Here are ten bizarre psychology experiments that totally crossed the line. They waited. The pleasure of doing something right and being rewarded. Here Ive met a student and we've talked for hours about this nightmare. The rabbi became a part of the experiment In remaining ignorant of the oppression in the experiment he became an accomplice and advocate. Was this display of obedience a momentary game we were all playing, or was it something else. Although . So, he decided to demonstrate this . "Everyone turned in shock. I switched the television set on. Jones decided to continue the experiment after observing his students' strict adherence to the previous day's rules. "Can we bring friends?" Powerful. Very interesting experiment. No one moved. it's discipline. It's strange, you most a past student In these chance ways, You catch a few moments of your life. Immediately the students realised what had happened and some later attested to the fact that they cried. In staccato words he pleaded that I understand and help him get home. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. The discipline. Lesson Plan: Directed by David Jeffery, Philip Carr Neel. The big lie. The room was empty of sound. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it difficult to explain how the German people could have accepted the actions of the Nazis. It really exposed the real reason the German citizens didn't want to admit to having any participation as Nazis. Some of these ethically questionable experiments include the Monster Study, the Third Wave Disaster, Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment, the case of Tony LaMadrid, and the case of David Reimer. Where is their curiosity or resistance to this marshal behavior. That's just what Robert did. I turned off the lights in the room and walked quickly to the television set. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it . During the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of obedience experiments that led to some surprising results. He sat in the second row. There was not a murmur of resistance. It caused a lot of problems at the school because students were not prepared properly to understand what was being taught. Why hadn't I thought of this technique before. I marked three of the cards with a red X and informed the recipients that they had a special assignment to report any students not complying to class rules. The dedicated patience of a scientist in pursuit of an Idea. Strength through pride Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white supremacist and a communist to be guest speakers in his classroom. And I daily argued to myself on the benefits of the learning experience. My job. I'm afraid something will happen to you. In high school, for example, ones grades are very important, especially for students who feel a need to please their parents; in Nazi Germany, the motivation to follow orders came from the power of the party, their threats, and the fact that the people were starvingfollowing orders was simply common sense unless anyone was willing to risk their lives. In the documentary, Lesson Plan, created by one of Joness former students in 2011, one interviewee said that students felt left out if they werent members, that everyone wanted to be involved. Wednesday evening someone had broken into the room and ransacked the place. The room sweat and smelt like a locker room. The experiments revealed the degree to which a person's own opinions are influenced by those of a group . the average citizen, claim at the end of the Third Reich that they knew nothing of what was going on. He added "Strength Through Community" to the chalk board, and named his "movement" "the Third Wave". Be seated. It also helps us understand further how the Holocaust could have happened. I was exhausted and worried. The deductions taken from such experiments are strong when they are seen alongside natural experiments, where the events have already occurred in history and have already provided a significant and real basis for the analysis of society. it's all right." Then in dramatic style I informed the class of a special noon rally to take place on Friday. Many students outside the class asked if they could join. This last lesson is perhaps the one of greatest importance. The next day, the students assembled in a lecture room at midday. The trouble with the situation and role I had created was that I didn't have time to think where it was leading. The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. If I remember the question. They were doing something together. Robert is like so many kids in school that don't excel or cause trouble. It was a silent signal of recognition. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. According to a former student, Jones did a double take. Both options were unworkable. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. Milgram himself was an American Jew and came to the conclusion that ordinary people were easily led into situations in which they directly caused harm when there was a presence of perceived legitimate authority telling them to do so. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. They were told that all students who obeyed and took part would get good grades in history that year, and all those who refused would go to the library for the remainder of the experiment. No. The prompt was given in the imperative, but it highlighted that the imperative was literally lacking. How could the townspeople, railroad conductors, teachers, doctors, claim they knew nothing about concentration camps and human carnage. I hadn't planned such intensity or compliance. I turned it off. Milgrams experiment did not, in fact, demonstrate an inherent evil in the ordinary person, blindly and unthinkingly adhering to the demands of a higher authority. Answers *tarted to stretch out as students usually hesitant to speak found support for their effort. While he taught his students about Nazi Germany during his "Contemporary World History . Faces without eyes. Two comrades had met long after the war. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. Third Wave Experiment. Can I do it Kr. He ordered students to attend a noon rally on Friday to witness the announcement. Evil in itself is not banal, and evil acts do not necessarily have to be committed by evil people. I whispered to him to watch closely and pay attention to the next few minutes. Other students started joining in and the class now had 43 students involved rather than the usual 30. We would have put on the uniform. The school cook asked what a Third Wave cookie looked like. In our consoling each other we became a rock in the stream of exiting students. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. It isnt an exact science and cannot, despite what many Anglo-American philosophers say, be reduced to physics. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. I was in pretty bad shape myself. Minimal Lite is a stunning, fully responsive, WordPress blogging theme suitable for any kind of blog, personal, fashion, food, travel, photography, publishing or tutorial blog sites. We knew that it was interesting learning about different political systems, but not something we would ever emulate. Everyone was capable and equal. Manipulated. It went like this. It was 12:05. And they seemed to want more. Leler, Robin and Sakuma, Bernice. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). We can bring it a new sense of order. On the contrary, he had not simply followed orders blindly, he had actually planned his actions in great detailhe was an author of the Holocaust. "We can do it!" Since the devastating events of the Second World War, many people have often asked, with hindsight, how could people have been so blind to the truth?. It's not going to happen. . Why did the students accept the authority I was imposing? Was The Wave Experiment by Ben Ross Succesful. I confessed my feeling of sickness and remorse. It follows that when someone has committed irrational actssuch as exterminating a large group of people according to their religion and/or geneticsthey will endeavour to rationalise their actions using any excuse, thus rendering their actions banal, in their eyes acceptable and understandable. In slow methodic tone I explained what was behind the Third Wave. [9] He wrote "Strength Through Discipline" on the classroom's chalkboard, then enforced strict classroom discipline while speaking as to the importance of discipline. I talked about pride. The feeling of being "in" or part of something so great and orderly. Be in the small auditorium ten minutes before 12:00. The advertiser identified his product as the Third Wave. What was he lying about, in your view? The experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California, during the first week of April 1967. I called his wife and with the help of a neighbor walked him home. 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Did a double take to ant their way into the room and quickly. Students would be seen giving this strange hand jive without words filed into the activity and took assigned... He invented the term `` the Third Wave '' this simple act for the entire class.. Steve Conigio had been a sophomore student in these chance Ways, you will have opportunity...