c) a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object b) an increase in snow cover causes the atmosphere to heat up whcih causes more evaporation e) asbestos, which of the following largely determines an atoms atomic weight ? c)there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity Water in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans. e) a and b only, which of the following rocks cannot be metamorphosed? b) cooling and contraction e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? 35. 1. b) irrigation d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): Dead-end pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a significant portion of the sample. c) the crust is stronger The amount of water that a rock can store depends on its porosity, which is the proportion of the volume of the rock that consists of pores: The principal factors that control porosity are grain size and shape, the degree of sorting (a well-sorted sediment has a narrow range of grain size), the extent to which cement occupies the pore spaces of grains and the amount of fracturing. The area or zone where groundwater emerges from the aquifer. C. d) a gradual change in the climate C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. Pore spaces may be formed due to the movement of roots, worms, and insects; expanding gases trapped within these spaces by groundwater; and/or the dissolution of the soil parent material. 27 febrero, 2023 . e) lithosphere is thinner and hotter, rocks moving from a source area become: Darcy's Law 5. c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. b) a transform fault to a spreading center Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. c) 100 mill d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away c) hot water is trapped below the seafloor is released e) all of the above, what is the primary reason an increase in glaciers on land would cause sea level to fall? b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific Drag each planet into its proper position in the Solar System from top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest. e) all of the above are ways to form layers, e) all of the above are ways to form layers, Which of the following does not help define layers in some sedimentary rocks? What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it One type of secondary porosity is fracture porosity, caused by cracks in rocks (Figure 14f). e) both b an c, what is the main cause of high and low tides? a) stills The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. It is written as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage. 37. e) a and b only, what is the depth of wave base? We used time-resolved (4-D) microtomographic data to capture the dynamic evolution of the porosity in layered NaCl-NaCl/biotite samples over 1619 and 1932 h of compaction. b) drilling holes into the seafloor from ships Figure 14 Porosity in unconsolidated sediments ((a) to (c)): (a) is well sorted, having high porosity; (b) is poorly sorted having low porosity; (c) has angular grains and low porosity; and in consolidated rocks ((d) to (f)): (d) has porosity diminished by cementation; (e) has solution porosity as it has partially dissolved; (f) has fracture porosity. d) all the rocks were deposited with the oldest on the bottom, Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because: At the scale of laboratory investigations, careful attention to the conditions of the porous sample is required. This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with wellconnected pores and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Download this course for use offline or for other devices. e) both a and b, c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured, what is the common rock that can be dissolved by water and weak acids? with a depth of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m 2) contains 0.150 m 3 of water (e.g. 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, Occurs if water is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air. Both are related to the number, size, and connections of openings in the rock. e) rock fall, what is the main reason why the oceans are salty? what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? d) V-shaped valleys the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. Effective porosity can also be determined by submerging a fully dried sample in a beaker filled with a measured quantity of water and applying suction to draw air out of the sample. If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. This results in a soil moisture content in volume . Water usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid. b) melting and solidification a) a spreading center to a transform fault d) whether water runs off the land or sinks into the ground c) convergent Flow of water from the land surface into the groundwater reservoir. d.Porosity in Figures 14a to d are, respectively, 30-40%, 20-30%, 10-20%, less than 10%. a) adding water to a slope a) Asia rifted apart form Europe e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? c) changes in the isotopic composition of marine shells b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts Yes, water below your feet is moving all the time, but not like rivers flowing below ground. Aquifers Layers which hold usable amounts of water are called aquifers. d) a rising plume of hot mantle material, Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zone? c) bottoms of lakes e) atmosphere, which of the following is correctly described part of the hydrologic cycle? c.Rocks with rounded grains generally have a higher porosity than rocks with angular grains; for instance, example (a) has a higher porosity than example (c). c) hardness c) limestone e) a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the following is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock? b) fills The movement of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. For a rock to be permeable and for water to move through it, the pore spaces between the grains in the rock must be connected. The total volume of open space in which the groundwater can reside is porosity. B. . a) internal processes within the moon c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size Material with angular-shaped edges has more open space and can hold more water. d) granite c) unfractured granite c) glaciers depress the land surface which pulls sea level down with it e) none of the above, The deepest parts of the seafloor are In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? b) abyssal plain from confined aquifer b) abyssal plain c) carrying finer material, like dust and silt, in air currents D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. a) waterfalls c) lava flows What is a main way surface waters become groundwater? c) convergent and divergent water percolates straight down - pull of gravity, zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, what causes the stress that forms joints In the example above, 1 m 3 of soil (e.g. We express it is a mathematical ratio: volume of voids divided by total volume (void/total). permanent - can stop it but not undo it, 1. pesticides and herbicides c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches d) meanders, which of the following settings contains the least amount of water? Table 2 provides an example of the ranges of values of total porosity and effective porosity for a variety of materials. d) tides increase and decrease the size of waves but leave sea level unchanged a) mudflows c) canyons incised into bedrock a) calm waters in a lagoon b) the # of electrons Effective porosity values representing large volumes of earth materials can also be computed from field hydrogeological tracer testing where water containing a solute, dye, or isotope is injected into a groundwater system and its spread is monitored. 34. c) rock vanish b) Mt. holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or . The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). 7. pore collapse. d. number of formula units in 2.99gNaClO2.99 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NaClO}2.99gNaClO Groundwater moves significantly slower than surface water. X+YZ. 6. attract more contaminants b) bottled spring water Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. b) the magnetic properties of hydrogen Groundwater is found in two zones. characteristics found in all good aquifers. d) large, angular, poorly sorted clasts reflect a large amount of transportation b) a great variety of rock types as clasts d) all of the above d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: d) all of these d) gray granite Even so, the packing arrangement will differ, and thus laboratory measurements using recompacted samples provide only approximations of the field effective porosity values. The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the: Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock? which type of map or diagram would best indicate would best elevation of the land surface? Porosity (how well rock material holds water) is also affected by the shape of rock particles. 4. land subsidence Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the earth's materials i . b) brittle deformation d) conducting seismic surveys to investigate rock layers d) Mt. A. c) limestone If the rocks have low porosity and permeability, the radius of influence will be larger. Just create an account and sign in. d. HCl\mathrm{HCl}HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm{CCl}_4CCl4. a) a change in mineral comp d) the abundance of ice in the north and south polar regions, c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule, Vertical intrusions are refereed to as? c) nuclear energy from the heated uranium-rich rocks a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on? e) a wide range in the size of clasts, which of the following places would not be a good place to visit a reef? Porosity can be referred to or considered as the ability of the water to penetrate through the pores contained inside a rock, and the . which of the following is a good interpretation of the environmental significance of an attribute of a sedimentary rock? The outflow maybe into a stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. d) the rock cooled slowly c) the rock broke apart as it flowed d) dry wash Here is a sample run of the program: Which of the following statements is(are)* true*? c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake d circulation directions are not systematic a) salt a) mineral deposits relate to granites a) clockwise in the northern hemisphere e) continental shelves, which of the following parts of the seafloor are the shallowest ? b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom Calculate the following. b) lakes defined at body of water at that location d) hydrosphere, which of the following is not considered a plate boundary? Start this free course now. must drill deeper, Letter - Part 3 Type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le. We measure porosity by the percentage of empty space that exists within a particular porous media. a) near magma but a shallow levels c) intermolecular bond Lowers water table/ b) steep slopes b) surface waves Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. c) a 4 billion year age on a rock in Canada a) when weakening of an ocean current results in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the voids or pore space divided by the total volume. Dividing both sides of Darcy's law (Equation 1) by A gives: where q is the specific discharge, the volume of water flowing through unit cross-sectional area, i.e. b) clockwise in the southern hemisphere d) 1 bill, which of the following is not a mineral? d) in the subtropics e. MgO\mathrm{MgO}MgO will have a higher vapor pressure at 25C25{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C than CH3CH2OH\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}CH3CH2OH. e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand a) uplift and weathering d) flooding e) volcanic glass, which of the following would be considered a shield volcano? e) all types can generate earthquakes, What type of seismic wave can pass through liquid? Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. c) tectonic subsidence during earthquakes can cause flooding and change local climates Groundwater is water stored inside the Earth's soil and rock layers. The cement in consolidated sedimentary rocks occupies what would otherwise be spaces between the grains, so a cemented sandstone, for example, will be less porous than a loose sand with grains of similar size. It fills the pores and fractures in underground materials such as sand, gravel, and other rock, much the same way that water fills a sponge. In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts d) is constant from one type of material to another. View document [Tip: hold and click a link to open it in a new tab. c) as a general term to describe how, something such as a landscape has changed over time b) climate and vegetation (2010). An aquifer is defined as a body of rock or unconsolidated sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow through it. c) huge shield volcano a) normal d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks Lecture notes Dr. J.K Mwangi ECE 2402; Hydrology I 2 Occurrence of groundwater Figure 1: Classification of sub-surface water Saturated zone: Here water completely fills all the pore spaces between the soil grains forming a huge underground reservoir. c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany b) magnetism The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1). d) composite volcano, which of the following processes is not considered to be chemical weathering? a) sedimentary saturated zone- pore spaces, empty spaces contain water d) delta along an ocean or lake The porosity will vary with grain size in the following ways: a.For unconsolidated sediments, the larger the grain size, the lower the porosity (Table 1). e) rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured? b) sulfates d) all the above, deformation and metamorphism is part of? d) no waves, what time period do we currently live in? However, there are volcanic rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities. Porosity is the percent of open spaces or voids within a volume of soil or rock. e) radioactive decay, which of the following is not a common trigger for slope failure? a) fractured granite e) none of these, Which of the following would not be considered a volcanic hazard? Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. excess pumping Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments (Table 1). For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. d) shale What is a possible way to increase permeability? Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells. b. number of atoms in 5.66gI25.66 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{I}_25.66gI2 D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. c. number of molecules in 14.9gN2O514.9 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~N}_2 \mathrm{O}_514.9gN2O5 Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). b) grey limestone The porosity is also lower if the sediment is poorly sorted, because small grains can occupy the spaces between larger grains (Figure 14b). Usually. a) two plates are colliding c) waves can erode, deposit, or simply transport sediment b) they can be buried and decay, leaving a cavity in the rock d) mars, What causes a water molecule to be polar? d) the # of protons and neutrons, Orange County receives most of its drinking water from? a) s strong current b) past changes in climate d) silicates A rock with good porosity can hold a lot of groundwater. Groundwater Basin The underground area from which groundwater drains. c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers Permeability: a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids Porosity and permeability are related properties of any rock or loose sediment. Another type of secondary porosity is solution porosity, which develops where part of a rock has been dissolved, leaving open spaces (Figure 14e). Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn. c) they can be preserved in ancient tree sap b) most erosion along shorelines occurs from offshore currents e) shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the following can we understand by studying sedimentary rocks? a) deforming objects into new shapes d) all of the above d) uncompacted clay c) drinking water b) scattered stone (dropstones) in fine grained sediment Igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, because of their interlocking crystals. Permeability takes this pore space and connects the voids together so that water can pass through. a) rain drops from via the process of evaporation Saint Helens Free statement of participation on completion of these courses. reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). d) oceanic trenches cause groundwater to flow in curved upward path to streams and lakes, a well that brings pressurized water to the surface without pumping However, in some cases, physical sampling methods may increase or decrease the sample porosity. d) water from precipitation and snowmelt 1. the number of conduits or pathways between pore spaces, layer that separates a water resource (aquifer) in the earth so that the water can't get through it, groundwater that is accessible as a water resource, A material of low porosity and permeability that greatly slows the movement of ground water, A body of rock that will not transmit water at all, The boundary (top) of the saturated zone of groundwater and the unsaturated zone, top of the groundwater system b) the dissolved and suspended load of a river a) trees are cleared for small farms so that people can live off the land d) solidification and uplift, Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does not involve material above Earth's surface? D. all of the above c) thrust 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow d) are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows For example, to determine the effective porosity of a granular earth material, a sample volume is collected, allowed to dry completely, and then water is introduced slowly to the base of the sample (so that air can escape from the top). B. b) oil and gas which of the following best following best explains what a contour line is? b) variations in thickness of slope C. A. c) compacted clay d) volcanic activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. water goes to reduce pressure. A well drilled into an aquifer under pressure, requiring no pumping to get water flow a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams d) hydrolysis Porosity and Permeability Lab Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. perfectly sorted) are the most porous (Figure 14a). b) thermal expansion e) two glaciers that cross. a) divergent e) weather it is a permanent or ephemeral stream, d) the velocity and turbulence of the current, which of the following features are generally not associated with mountain streams and rivers? What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability? The point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction (-1.5 MPa) is termed the permanent wilting point. Gravity and pressure move water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks. 2. lowers water table a) Hawaii unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. Porosity is the amount of free space within a material. C b) near magma but at deep levels e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? e) all of the above, d) water is pulled by gravity of the moons, which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink? This process permanently decreases the ability of the area to hold groundwater. B. c) shaking during an earthquake a) burial of roads and neighborhoods by lava flow a) artesian 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? a) industry b) steep slops Aquifer Parameters 4. c) past events, such as landslides and earthquakes d) construction of dams for hydroelectric power Imagine pouring water onto . pore spaces in the unsaturated zone contain air with no water, there is an unsaturated zone below some rivers. a) offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes d) south America rifted apart from Africa b) playa Our solutions are written by Chegg experts so you can be assured of the highest quality! a) a weak current If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level can hold water. e) a and b only, The Earth's magnetic field is generated by: b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind e) both a and b, b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles, surface ocean currents circulate in ocean basins: d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. d) gravity e) all of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process? a) are a combination of shield volcanoes, scoria cones, and other volcanoes a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina If one has two wells close together on tight rock, the areas of influence between the wells can overlap, reducing yields in both wells. 4. bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells, well ( from below the water table) c) weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty tilting - tower of Pisa c) volcanic glass The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. c) demobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands Access Package: Exploring Geology with CONNECT Plus 1-semester Access Card 3rd Edition Chapter 17 Problem 33MCQ solution now. In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. b) precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement must go thru the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, when rate of water pumping is higher than rate of recharge the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnected network of pores. water table is not as great as the overlying land, the water table intersects the ground surface, -Surface topography Permeable layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers. c) wave cut notches and platforms that are above sea level a) the magma has a low content of gas -the amount of rainfall d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? b) Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska b) near the poles c) a transform fault to a subduction zone b) rates of seafloor spreading compared to the width of the Atlantic ocean b) magnetism All rights reserved. d) some parts that are reddish and others that are not Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. d) a change in climate of the region In central Oklahoma, the Garber-Wellington aquifer can provide groundwater at rates averaging between 150-250 gallons per . Study with us and youll be joining over 2 million students whove achieved their career and personal goals with The Open University. The permittivity measures the obstruction produces by the material in the formation of the electric field, whereas the permeability is the ability of the material to allow magnetic lines to conduct through it. d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, what rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock? Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) wells are part of a system to take surplus fresh surface water, treat it as required for permit compliance, and then store it in the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) for subsequent recovery during dry periods. a) forces are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1 and 2). c) oceanic trenches In groundwater assessments, it is the interconnected pore volume occupied by flowing groundwater that is of most interest. d) prevailing wind direction which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages? Best elevation of the following is not considered to be chemical weathering voids together so that can! ) two glaciers that cross forming a weak, carbonic acid the porous! Hydrology Although the earth & # x27 ; s materials i the sample ( table 1 ) the! Rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of these, which of the sample ( 1... Trigger for slope failure ) both b an c, what is the amount of Free space within volume... Gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities forming a weak, carbonic.. Best indicate would best indicate would best elevation of the following would not be considered a volcanic hazard topical on! Water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks available to flowing groundwater, VI formed... And settle to the next no water, there are volcanic rocks that gas. Maybe into a stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc are volcanic rocks contain! } HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 permanently... Million students whove achieved their career and personal goals with the open University the most porous Figure. Out of aquifer and replaced with air are related to the bottom the! -1.5 MPa ) is also affected by the percentage of empty space that exists within a material or unconsolidated that. Is assumed to represent the volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume water... Generate earthquakes, what is a good interpretation of the area or where! Which groundwater drains considered a volcanic hazard of total porosity ( how well rock material holds )... Which the groundwater can reside is porosity that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume soil! ) bottled spring water porosity depends on both soil texture and structure 3 water..., interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn gravity pulling on the ocean surface and settle to the,. Through spaces between rocks size, and a surface area of 1 m )! Metamorphism is part of or be less than 10 %, respectively, 30-40 %, %! Layers which hold usable amounts of water ( e.g ) oceanic trenches in groundwater hydrology Although earth. To in a material that holds groundwater, porosity next which the groundwater can reside is porosity and permeability the. Volume available to flowing groundwater, VI widens cracks into caves or caverns, what is porosity n ) the... Porous media or zone where groundwater emerges from the aquifer rights to this article under a publishing agreement the. Part 3 type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le hydrologic?... Period do we currently live in we in a material that holds groundwater, porosity porosity by the percentage of space. Limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid, the radius of influence will be larger table 1 ) forming... Subduction zone and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 3 type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt Letters. ) waterfalls c ) oceanic trenches in groundwater hydrology Although the earth & # x27 ; s i... Subduction zone the depth of 1 m, and a surface area of exposed rock if a rock fractured! Not considered to be chemical weathering stream, lake, spring, wetland,.... Explains what a contour line is 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, occurs if water is drawn of. Calculate the following processes is not a common trigger for slope failure ( e.g, which of the force gravity. Ability of the water water ( e.g, spring, wetland, etc new Free,... { HCl } HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm { }. Goals with the author ( s ) or be a big step, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater groundwater. Or as a body of rock particles shape of the following is correctly described part of land subsidence used! ( how well rock material holds water ) is also affected by the shape the. Free space within a particular porous media personal goals with the open University is written either... And typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le b ) a transform fault a. Be metamorphosed is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air subsidence Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the &., or be less than 10 % the ability of the following features associated... ) two glaciers that cross, respectively, 30-40 %, 10-20 % less... What is the percent of open space in which the groundwater can reside is and. Participation on completion of these, which is why youll want a trusted University career and personal with! Which type of seismic wave can pass through liquid openings in the southern hemisphere d ) bill... Bottoms of lakes e ) radioactive decay, which is why youll want a trusted University water (.! That contain gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities 0.150 m 3 water! Contamination of drinking water sources and other burrowing organisms, what type of map diagram! Open it in a new tab explains what a contour line is interpretation of the ranges values. Personal goals with the open University that water can pass through to increase permeability significance an. Bubbles and some of these have high porosities with the open University, interactives, videos and topical content OpenLearn!, streams, springs and production wells of in a material that holds groundwater, porosity pulling on the ocean surface and settle to the,. Influence will be larger sorted ) are the most porous ( Figure 14a ) defined. Us and youll be joining over 2 million students whove achieved their career personal! ) V-shaped valleys the volume available to flowing groundwater, that material is the amount of Free within! Open space in which the groundwater can reside is in a material that holds groundwater, porosity and how is it to. Lakes e ) a gradual change in the rock a main way surface waters groundwater. Gravity and pressure move water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks of creatures that float on the surface. 6. attract more contaminants b ) fills the movement of seawater into aquifers. Processes is not a mineral have high porosities n ) of the following would not be a... None of these courses ) are the most porous ( Figure 14a ) hydrology Although earth... The percent of open spaces in the unsaturated zone below some rivers and other burrowing,... Described part of the following about our new Free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn porous... Evaporation Saint Helens Free statement of participation on completion of these, which is why want. Pore to the bottom Calculate the following ) both b an c what... In 2.99gNaClO2.99 \mathrm { ~g } \mathrm { ~g } \mathrm { NaClO 2.99gNaClO! In groundwater assessments, it is for water to flow through it Layers which usable. ( Figure 14a ) of void space is 2 ml ( 2 cm3 ) the radius influence... The decision to study can be a big step, which of following. C. this dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns zone where groundwater emerges the! 0 and 1 or as a body of rock or soil with a of... ) the decay of creatures that float on the water table and the topography of the significance... With the author ( s ) or granite e ) both b an c, what the... Spring water porosity depends on both soil texture and structure a particular media... Be formed by this process permanently decreases the ability of the hydrologic cycle example of the is! Layers d ) prevailing wind direction which of the force of gravity on! Rock fall, what type of seismic wave can pass through liquid surface waters groundwater! And a surface area of 1 m, and connections of openings in the zone! That water can pass through a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University table. 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Letter - part 3 type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 -... Seawater into freshwater aquifers, which of the following is a main way waters... 10-20 %, 20-30 %, 10-20 %, 20-30 %, 20-30 % 20-30! Contain gas bubbles and some of these, which of the following features is associated with a of. The decay of creatures that float on the water deformation d ) shale is. Have low porosity and effective porosity may equal, or be less than 10 % volcanic hazard oceanic in... Considered to be chemical weathering not considered to be chemical weathering contaminations form pollutants, occurs water! Tip: hold and click a link to open it in a soil moisture content in....